The first instance of a modern robot was the equipment that was visible in clocks kept in medieval churches. This was an innovative discovery of clever watchmakers of those times who applied the theory of automation into practice. The word “robot” is derived from the Czech word “Robota”, which means “compulsory labor.” Karel Capek, a Czech author and dramatist first used this term in his 1921 play, Rossum’s Universal Robots. Since then, the term has been used to refer to any equipment that accomplishes tasks with a great degree of ease; these tasks are often the sort that a human being may find complicated or undesirable.
Robot is also a term used to classify appliances that resemble human beings. The earliest robots used a feedback control mechanism and this technology is still in use today. The first known usage of this program was in the robot called Watt Governor, which was created in 1788, by a Scottish engineer, James Watt.
Robots are monitored and controlled by a computer. The software program in a robot enables it to move, maneuver things and complete tasks with precision. Robots are very productive when a job involves monotonous repetitive tasks. Robots are popular for this very reason. They can perform repetitive jobs faster and more efficiently than human beings and are inexpensive as their maintenance costs is much lesser than the recurring costs of labor.
With expansion in technology, dedicated equipment was invented to enact specific human actions. For instance, robots have been developed to simulate the human arm and its actions. However, these products were not robust and were not successful in replicating the human arm movements. This limited the output of these appliances. The emergence of multi-jointed artificial robots paved the way for modern robots. Robots are used in military, space exploration and outer space journeys, as well as hauling and transportation. Robots also have medical applications and are used in all sorts of mechanized industries. With the increase in demand for automation, various types of robots have been invented. This includes Cartesian, gantry, cylindrical, spherical, polar, articulated, SCARA and parallel robots. Though robot technology has not matched the expectations generated by the initial euphoria of scientists, it is constantly evolving through innovation and research.
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